Alfred Nobel: Nobel Prize one of the prestigious award of the world
Alfred Nobel was born on 21st Oct. 1833 in Stockholm, Sweden. He was a chemist, engineer and innovator. In 1894, Nobel purchased Bofors iron and steel mill. He manufactured armaments from these iron and steel. Alfred invented ballistite (a smokeless propellant made from two high explosives, i.e. nitrocellulose and nitroglycerine). He invented dynamite (a bomb made up of nitroglycerin, sorbents and stabilizers).
Nowadays, dynamite is mainly used in the mining, quarrying, construction and demolition industries or old buildings. Also, it is used for trench preparations. Nobel's last will specify that his fortune is used to create a series of prizes for those who confer the "greatest benefit on mankind" in the field of Physics, Chemistry, Peace, Physiology or Medicine and Literature.
Nobel Prize is the most prestigious award given under the memory of Alfred Nobel. It is given in the field of Physics, Chemistry, Peace, Physiology or Medicine, Literature and Economics. The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences awards the Nobel Prize in Physics, Chemistry and Literature. The Nobel Assembly at Karolinska Institute awards the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. The Norwegian Nobel Committee awards Nobel Peace Prize. About 935 people and organizations had received the Nobel Prize. A total of 27 organizations and 908 individuals received prestigious awards from 1901 to 2018. The prize ceremonies take place annually in Stockholm, Sweden.
On the other hand, the Peace Prize ceremony held in Oslo, Norway. Each recipient (known as a "laureate") receives a gold medal, a diploma and a sum of money that are decided by the Nobel Foundation. Medals were made up of 23 carats gold before 1980. After 1980, medals were made up of 18-carat green gold plated with a 24-carat gold coating.
Although a prize may not be shared among more than three individuals but the Nobel Peace Prize can be awarded to an organization of more than three people.
In 1901, Wilhelm Rontgen discovered X-rays and received Nobel Prize in Physics.
In 1901, Jacobus Can't Hoff work on Chemical Thermodynamics and received Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
In 1901, Emil Adolf Von Behring worked on serum therapy, especially its application against diphtheria and received Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
In 1901, Sully Prudhomme received Nobel Prize in Literature for his poetry.
In 1901, Jean Henri Dunant and Frederic Passy received Nobel Prize in Peace for their role of founding the International Red Cross Movement and Founder of the Peace League and active with Dunant in the Alliance for Order and Civilization.
Marie Curie received Nobel Prize in Physics as well as Chemistry for her work in Radioactivity and Isolation of Pure Radium in 1903, 1911 respectively.
Linus Pauling received Nobel Prize in Chemistry as well as Peace for his work in Chemical bond and its application to the structure of complex substances and Activism against nuclear weapons in 1954, 1962 respectively.
John Barden received Nobel Prize in Physics two times for inventing Transistor and Theory of Superconductivity in 1956, 1972 respectively.
Frederick Sanger received Nobel Prize in Chemistry two times for determining the structure of the insulin molecule and inventing a method of determining base sequences in DNA in 1958, 1980 respectively.
In 1913, Rabindranath Tagore received Nobel Prize in Literature for his elegant prose and magical poetry.
In 1930, Chandrashekhara Venkata Raman received Nobel Prize in Physics for his work on Light Scattering.
In 1979, Mother Teresa received Nobel Prize in Peace for her work in Missionaries of Charity.
In 2014, Kailash Satyarthi received Nobel Prize in Peace for his work during the struggle against the suppression of children and young people and for the right of all children to education.
Hope for our younger generation to get motivated and encouragement from the various laureate to achieve the prestigious award.