The Decoy Ploy: Can Diversionary Feeding Save Scotland's Endangered Capercaillie?
In the serene Scots pine forests of Abernethy, an ambitious and unusual conservation plan is underway to protect one of Scotland's most elusive birds, the capercaillie. By strategically placing deer meat to lure predators away from capercaillie nesting sites, conservationists hope to boost the bird’s survival rate. But will this tactic be enough to pull the species back from the brink of extinction?
Understanding Scotland's Elusive Capercaillie
Keywords: Capercaillie Scotland, endangered grouse, conservation in Scotland
The capercaillie is a magnificent bird, and with males displaying beautiful fan tails and engaging in dramatic breeding displays known as “leks,” they are a striking sight. However, these birds are also incredibly secretive and highly sensitive to disturbances, making their conservation particularly challenging. "It’s surprising to find them in the UK, as they’re more commonly associated with the more exotic habitats," says Jack Bamber, a conservationist and PhD researcher from the University of Aberdeen.
Unfortunately, the capercaillie population in Scotland has been in steep decline. With just over 500 individuals counted in 2021–2022, the species teeters on the edge of local extinction. Predators like pine martens and badgers—protected species themselves—pose significant threats to capercaillie eggs and chicks.
Diversionary Feeding: A New Conservation Approach
To counter predation without harming the predators, Bamber and his team have introduced diversionary feeding—a strategy where chunks of deer meat are strategically placed in areas where capercaillie live. By offering an easier meal for predators, they aim to reduce the likelihood of these animals preying on vulnerable capercaillie chicks and eggs.
Bamber explains, “It’s a way to protect capercaillie without having to control predator populations.” This approach is especially valuable in Scotland, where conservation laws protect both capercaillies and many of their predators. Early results indicate the strategy could be effective, as predators opt for the readily available meat over searching for hard-to-find nests.
Human Disturbance: The Hidden Threat to Capercaillie Survival
Keywords: Capercaillie disturbance, dog impact on wildlife, wildlife management Cairngorms
While predators pose one challenge, human disturbance is another significant issue affecting capercaillie populations. Carolyn Robertson, project manager for the Cairngorms Capercaillie Project, has taken on the role of educating the public on the impact their presence can have on these birds.
"Even when dogs are leashed, their scent and presence alone can make capercaillie feel threatened," says Robertson. In popular areas like the Loch Garten Nature Reserve, high numbers of dog walkers and hikers inadvertently disrupt capercaillie habitat. Recent studies have shown that the birds experience elevated stress hormone levels and avoid areas up to 120 meters from walking paths, potentially rendering 40% of their habitat unusable.
To minimize disturbance, Robertson’s project works closely with local communities to promote responsible behavior. By raising awareness among residents and encouraging them to set an example, there has been some success in reducing disturbances in key capercaillie habitats.
Creating a Balance: The “Human Shield” Effect
Striking the right balance between preserving capercaillie habitat and allowing recreational access is a complex challenge. Robert Moss, an ecologist who has researched capercaillies for decades, proposes the concept of a “human shield” effect, where limited human presence may deter some predators while causing minimal disturbance to the birds. Determining this balance, however, is a delicate
process, as capercaillies are particularly sensitive to human activity.
Mountain bikers, for instance, have proven to be supportive of conservation efforts. In some areas, they have rerouted trails and adjusted their riding schedules to avoid peak capercaillie activity times, helping to reduce stress on the birds while maintaining recreational access.
A Collaborative Effort to Save the Capercaillie
The Cairngorms Capercaillie Project demonstrates how conservation requires the cooperation of various stakeholders, from local communities to recreational groups. By raising awareness and encouraging responsible behavior, they’re fostering a sense of stewardship among residents and visitors alike.
With innovative tactics like diversionary feeding and community collaboration, there’s hope that capercaillie populations might begin to stabilize. However, experts like Bamber and Robertson agree that more work is needed to secure a future for Scotland’s largest grouse. As recreational and conservation interests converge, this project serves as a model for managing human-wildlife interactions in fragile habitats.
Can the Capercaillie Be Saved?
Scotland’s capercaillie may still face an uncertain future, but projects like these provide a glimmer of hope. With continued support and innovative approaches, the Cairngorms Capercaillie Project seeks to safeguard these birds and ensure future generations can experience the thrill of seeing these majestic creatures in their natural habitat.